Combination
of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Extract
with Artemisinin (ART) Decrease Parasitemia and Production of Transforming
Growth Factor β (TGF-β) by Peritoneal Mononuclear Cells in Mice Infected with
Malaria
Makhyan
Jibril1, Cahya Firly Nanda1, Ernina Rahmatika M1, Pramoda W. 1 Loeki Enggar Fitri2
(1) Medical Study Program Faculty of Medicine University of Brawijaya,
Malang, Indonesia.
(2) Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, University
of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
It
has been revealed that during malaria infection, pro-inflammatory cytokine is highly
correlated with severity of disease. Artemisinin (ART) is a malaria drug that
must be combined with other drugs in order to prevent resistance. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) easily found in Indonesia.
Volatile oil from tulsi contain mostly eugenol in about 40%-71%. This research
expected that combination of ART with tulsi extract may increase its potential
to reduce parasitemia and increase the production of Transforming Growth Factor
β (TGF-β)
by peritoneal adherent mononuclear cells. This research used true experimental
laboratory design with randomized posttest only controlled group design. Balb/C
mice. experimental animal were divided into 9 groups those were a negative
control or normal mice group, a positive control group (mice infected with Plasmodium berghei without any treatment), and an ART group (mice
infected with Plasmodium berghei and
treated with artemisinin dose 0,05 mg/grbw), 3 tulsi groups
(mice infected with Plasmodium
berghei and treated with tulsi extract dose 0,01mg/grbw, 0,1mg/grbw, 1mg/grbw
respectively) and 3 ART combination with tulsi groups (mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with
artemisinin dose 0,05 mg/grbw combination with tulsi extract dose 0,01mg/grbw, 0,1mg/grbw, 1mg/grbw respectively respectively).
Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
intraoperitoneally. and the degree of parasitemia were determined from giemsa
staining pheripheral blood. After parasitemia reach 13-16%, mice treated with artemisinin or tulsi extract.or
combination of them. Mice were scarified at day 3, 5 and 7 post treatment.
Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and
cultured in 24 well plate for 24 hours. TGFβ production from supernatant culture
of macrophages were measured by ELISA. Treatment of malaria with combination ART and tulsi extract produced a
significant decreasing in parasitemia (p<0.05) for all dose, predominantly
in dose 5mg/grbw. Significant decrease of TGFβ expression also occurred in
group that treated with combination of artemisin and tulsi extract in dose 5mg/grbw
(p<0.05). It could be concluded that
tulsi extract may be used in combination with artemisin for malaria treatment.
Keyword: Malaria, Ocimum sanctum, Artemisinin, Eugenol, Peritoneal Adherent Mononuclear Cells,
Parasitemia, TGF-β.
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| Plasmdium infection against red blood cell |
This is one of the best paper that i've ever had,
this paper won 1st place for Best Oral Presentation at 2nd International Conference of Clinical and Molecular Aspect of HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria 2011
